Sunday, December 9, 2007

Eff Yook Lass

Here are some links on news and advertising. The first is about the underlying intellectual dishonesty in even the most honest of ad campaigns:

By the way, if you're into advertising, that entire blog is great. I'm a bit biased, though, since I used to work for Bob Garfield.

Here's a link to a radio interview with the director of FactCheck.org, a website devoted to debunking claims in political ads.

Political Ads Fact-Checked
(to launch the interview, click on the red "Listen" button)

I also used to work with the guy who interviewed FactCheck's director. Yup, I'm a pretty big deal.

Speaking of big deals:
I'm So Getting Fired

Thursday, November 29, 2007

Attend or Die

I will be mentioning this in class, but just in case...
Attendance is mandatory for the group presentations on Monday (12/10/07), Wednesday (12/12/07), and Friday (12/14/07). It's the only time I'll be a stickler for it. Basically, I want you to show respect for the other groups presenting.

If you don't attend on either the days your group isn't presenting (and your absence isn't excused), your own personal presentation grade will drop. Each day you don't attend will lower your grade by a full letter grade.
Also, be sure to keep the presentations under 15 minutes. A 10-minute presentation is ideal, so we can have time for a short question-and-answer session afterwards.

Wednesday, November 28, 2007

BS: The Video

Here's the video of Jon Stewart interviewing Harry Frankfurt about his book On Bullshit.

Saturday, November 24, 2007

BS

I just remembered the link.
On Bullshit, by Harry Frankfurt

What do you think? Is not caring about whether you're saying the truth worse than deliberately lying?

Wednesday, November 21, 2007

My Bias is Special

Here's a roundup of links I mentioned in class recently.
New Yorker article on fundamental attribution error

Excellent explanation of hindsight bias

And here's the picture I tried to draw in class to explain the contrast effect bias. The green circles are the same size:


The Daily Show: Still Good, But Looks Worse in Comparison

There was another link I was supposed to post, but I forget what it is. Anyone remember what it was about?

Wednesday, November 14, 2007

Impeding Us Since Birth

Here is a pair of links to articles on psychological impediments that I mentioned in class last week:
Why stereotyping is illogical
(Malcolm Gladwell)

The psychological impediment driving The Secret
(wishful thinking run amok)

Also, wikipedia's full list of cognitive biases is available here.

Group Presentations

Here are the groups for the presentations coming up. If your name isn't on this list, that means you haven't been assigned to a group yet. See me to get assigned into a group.

Team God Stuff
Sean
Chris
Adam

Team Steroids
Jared
Scott
Heather
Joe
Eric

Team Global Warming
Jim R.
Amanda
Brett

Team Gay Marriage
Abi
Sue
Kitty
Roxanne
Alison

Team Media Violence
Cassondra
Felicia
Lauren
Stephanie

Team Death Penalty
Dan
Justin
(Matt)

Team Weed
Ian
Ronnie
Maria

Team Death Penalty

Links coming soon!

Team Violence in the Media

Links coming soon!

Team Global Warming

Links coming soon!

Team Weed

Links coming soon!

Team God Stuff

Here are some links:
  1. Hume on the Design Arg

  2. Ian Hacking on Evolution vs. Intelligent Design

  3. Unintelligent Design by Jim Holt
  4. Crazy Neo-Falsificationism

  5. Francis Collins (theist) on Fresh Air

  6. Richard Dawkins (atheist) on Fresh Air

  7. Darwin’s God

  8. Ontological Arguments

Team Gay Marriage

Here are some links:

Team Steroids

Here are some links:

Monday, November 12, 2007

The Great Trashing of 2007

I had a fun weekend:

Thursday, November 8, 2007

I'm the Special-est

Now that we're discussing psychological impediments, I can bring up one of my favorite topics: I'M-SPECIAL-ism. Psychological research has repeatedly shown that most Americans overestimate their own abilities. This is one of the biggest hurdles to proper reasoning: the natural tendency to think that we're smarter--or more powerful, or prettier, or whatever--than we really are.

One of my favorite blogs is Overcoming Bias. Their mission statement is sublimely anti-I'M-SPECIAL-ist:

"How can we better believe what is true? While it is of course useful to seek and study relevant information, our minds are full of natural tendencies to bias our beliefs via overconfidence, wishful thinking, and so on. Worse, our minds seem to have a natural tendency to convince us that we are aware of and have adequately corrected for such biases, when we have done no such thing."

This may sound insulting, but one of the goals of this class is getting us to recognize that we're not as smart as we think we are. All of us. You. Me. That guy. You again.

So in the upcoming weeks, at least, I hope you'll join me in my campaign to end I'M-SPECIAL-ism.
Anti-I'M-SPECIAL-ism: No, You're Not

Tuesday, November 6, 2007

Pimply Stress

This mini-article on acne and anxiety raises a combo platter of questions relevant to what we're going over in class.

1) Reverse causation: Does acne cause stress, or does stress cause acne?
2) Questionable statistics: Do you trust the stat that students were 23 percent more likely to experience breakouts around the time of a test? Is it a good study? A reliable source? An undemanding stat?
3) Questionable use of statistics: If the above statistic is true, is it reasonable to conclude that anxiety causes acne? Or is there another plausible explanation?
What say you?

Thursday, November 1, 2007

Recommendations

So what were those bands you told me to check out in class? Let me know in the comments.

Here are a few I mentioned:
Feist
Joanna Newsom
Pedro the Lion
T.a.T.u. (horrible guilty pleasure)

Most of my favorite music is full of gentle:


(The Microphones - I Felt Your Shape)

Wednesday, October 17, 2007

Possible Paper Articles

gladwell.com | Bad Stereotyping
race & gender = insufficient info

Blackburn Defends Philosophy
it beats being employed

Singer: How Much Should We Give?
just try to think up a more important topic

The Dark Art of Interrogation
Bowden sez torture is necessary

Can Foreign Aid Work?
didn't expect Kristof to bring up Darfur

NYT Editorial: The White House's Real Agenda
sunday editorials mean Big Picture time

Against Free Speech
but it's free, so it must be good

Is Wal-Mart Good for the Working Class?
Furman: walmart helps poor consumers more than it hurts poor workers. Ehrenreich: I call bs

What pro-lifers miss in the stem-cell debate
love embryos? then hate fertility clinics

Is Worrying About the Ethics of Your Diet Elitist?
since you asked, no

Abstinence campaign hits dead end on HPV

WSJ: White House vs. NYT on bank surveillance
on Keller's "leap of faith" (see below)

Keller's Letter on NYT's Banking Records Report

Is Selling Organs Repugnant?
freakonomicists for a free-market for organs

Should I Become a Professional Philosopher?
hell 2 da naw

Fallacies, Fallacies, Everywhere

My best friend the inter-net has some nice examples of the fallacy of equivocation. Here are two good ones:
All jackasses have long ears.
Karl is a jackass.
Therefore, Karl has long ears.
Margarine is better than nothing.
Nothing is better than butter.
Therefore margarine is better than butter.
Also, here's one of the best mashups out there:

(December 4th, from DJ Danger Mouse's Grey Album)

And finally, speaking of non sequiturs, here's a cute cat picture:

128295619720157500unsuspectingcat.jpg

Wait, we weren't just speaking of non sequit--Oh. I see what you did there.

Clever.

Monday, October 15, 2007

Homework #2

Homework #2 is due at the beginning of class on Friday, October 19th. It is worth 2% of your overall grade. Here are the assigned problems to do from the textbook:
pages 86-88: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
Git to gittin!

Gore, you Ignorant Slut
(Click on the comic to enlarge)

Sunday, October 14, 2007

Paper #1

Due Date: Wednesday, October 24th, 2007

Worth: 5% of final grade

Length/Format: Papers must be typed, and must be between 300-600 words long. Provide a word count on the first page of the paper. (Most programs like Microsoft Word & WordPerfect have automatic word counts.)

Assignment:

1) Pick an article from a newspaper, magazine, or journal in which an author presents an argument for a particular position. I’ll be putting up some links to potential articles at the course blog. You are also free to choose any article on any topic you want, but you must show Sean your article by Friday, October 19th for approval. The main requirement is that the article presents an argument. One place to look for such articles is the Opinion page of a newspaper. Here’s a short list of some other good sources:
(for even more sources, check out the left-hand column of Arts & Letters Daily)

2) In the essay, first explain the article’s argument in your own words. What is the position that the author is arguing for? What are the reasons the author offers as evidence for her or his conclusion? What type of argument does the author provide? In other words, provide a detailed synopsis of the argument.

3) In the essay, then evaluate the article’s argument. Overall, is this a good or a bad argument? Why or why not? Check each premise: is each premise true? Or is it false? Questionable? (Do research if you have to in order to determine whether the author’s claims are true.) Then check the structure of the argument. Do the premises provide enough rational support for the conclusion? If you are criticizing the article’s argument, be sure to consider potential responses that the author might offer, and explain why these responses don’t work. If you are defending the article’s argument, be sure to consider and respond to possible objections.

4) Attach a copy of the article to your paper when you hand it in.

Wednesday, October 10, 2007

Begging the Dinosaur

Here is a comic and a video about the fallacy of of begging the question. The first is one of Ryan North's Dinosaur Comics on the fallacy. (Click on the comic to enlarge it)

DOWN WITH DESCRIPTIVISTS IN THIS ONE PARTICULAR INSTANCEAnd here's the video for Mims's logically delicious song "This is Why I'm Hot":

Tuesday, October 9, 2007

An Expert for Every Cause

Here's that article on the 9/11 conspiracy physicist that we talked about in class:
When Experts Disagree: 9/11 Conspiracy Theories

Below is a quote of the relevant section on the lone-wolf semi-expert (physicist) versus the overwhelming consensus of more relevant experts (structural engineers):
While there are a handful of Web sites that seek to debunk the claims of Mr. Jones and others in the movement, most mainstream scientists, in fact, have not seen fit to engage them.

"There's nothing to debunk," says Zdenek P. Bazant, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Northwestern University and the author of the first peer-reviewed paper on the World Trade Center collapses.

"It's a non-issue," says Sivaraj Shyam-Sunder, a lead investigator for the National Institute of Standards and Technology's study of the collapses.

Ross B. Corotis, a professor of civil engineering at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a member of the editorial board at the journal Structural Safety, says that most engineers are pretty settled on what happened at the World Trade Center. "There's not really disagreement as to what happened for 99 percent of the details," he says.
Also, here's an interesting article on instances when we shouldn't trust an expert's opinion.

The Seven Warning Signs of Bogus Science

expert in caturday

Thursday, October 4, 2007

Band Names, Part Deux

For some strange reason, we received a bunch of band name suggestions yesterday. I say we start voting for the ones we like. Here they are, along with my two cents on each one:

  • Logical By Design (suggested by Jim) sounds like a company that does stuff I don't understand. "Logical By Design is an innovative information technology company dedicated to providing custom management solutions in an ever-changing business climate."
  • Daffyductive (suggested by Jim) is pretty weak. I was disappointed with that pun as soon as I wrote it.
  • Rojikku Rokkuzu (suggested by Abi) has a poetic ring to it. Maybe we'll play Japanese synth pop?
  • Unsound Logic (suggested by Abi) is almost contradictory. I like the idea of a contradiction as a band name.
  • The Narcoleptic Water Buffalo (suggested by Sue) would be a cool name for a Buffalo Springfield tribute band.
Go to the comments to vote for your favorite or suggest your own band names.

Wednesday, October 3, 2007

The Source of Satan's Fingers

Some of you did some quality googling to discover that "Satan's Fingers" and "The Hospital Bombers" are band names referenced in a Mountain Goats song called "The Best Ever Death Metal Band in Denton." Here's the song:

BONUS! Here is a video of the Mountain Goats performing the song in Philly two weeks ago:


I was so totally at this concert. Attentive listeners will notice that he changes the name of one of the bands in this video.

Friday, September 28, 2007

Maybe It'll Taste Good This Year

Here's a video of Lewis Black describing his failure to reason inductively every year around Halloween:



Candy Corn.

Wednesday, September 26, 2007

Cat Statements

What kind of statements are these?
Sneaky cat. Is Sneaky.

stoked cat

emocatissoemo.jpg

uninterested.jpg

Let us know in the comments.

Monday, September 24, 2007

Philosophy as a 3-Year-Old

Here's comedian Louis CK's take on the broad, fundamental questions kids ask (the routine starts with 4:05 left in the video).

Saturday, September 22, 2007

The Best of the Homework

Here are some of my favorite arguments you came up with on the homework.

From Abi:
(P1) If dinosaurs rampage, people scream.
(P2) Dinosaurs rampage.
(C) People scream.
Were you looking at the syllabus when you thought up this one?

From Dan:
(P1) All American presidents are men.
(P2) All men are stupid.

(C) All American presidents are stupid.
Take that, sexist American hegemony!

From Allison:
(P1) Pigs are either awesome or horrible.
(P2) Pigs are not awesome.
(C) Pigs are horrible.
I'd like to challenge the second premise. My evidence: Spider Pig.

From Jared:
(P1) The sky is blue.
(P2) The grass is green.
(C) Jared loves french toast and red bull.
French toast and red bull: part of a balanced breakfast.

From Cassondra:
(P1) Gold is a natural resource.
(P2) Gold is found in Africa.
(C) All Africans have lots of gold.
Isn't it fun using intentionally bad arguments to make good political points?

From Ian:
(P1) Some red objects weigh over 50 pounds.
(P2) A cherry jolly rancher is red.
(C) A cherry jolly rancher weighs over 50 pounds.
Actually, I'd be up for the challenge of a 50-pound jolly rancher.

Thursday, September 20, 2007

Satan's Fingers? The Hospital Bombers?

Is That Logic Rock? TURN IT UPOK, before we start rocking all night, perhaps we should come up with a name for our logic band. What's a good name for us? Abi & the Naughty Structures?

Hmmm... hopefully, you can come up with better names than that. Post some names in the comments to this post.

(Extra love to anyone who knows what the title of this post refers to.)

Monday, September 17, 2007

Homework #1

In case you didn't get a copy of it in class, here's Homework #1. It's due at the beginning of class on Friday, September 21st.

DIRECTIONS: Provide original examples of the following types of arguments (in premise/conclusion form), if possible. If it is not possible, explain why.

1. A valid deductive argument with one false premise.

2. An invalid deductive argument with all true premises.

3. An unsound deductive argument that is valid.

4. A sound deductive argument that is invalid.


MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle the correct response. Only one answer choice is correct.

5. If a deductive argument is unsound, then:
a) its conclusion must be false.
b) its conclusion must be true.
c) its conclusion could be true or false.

6. If a deductive argument is unsound, then:
a) it must be valid.
b) it must be invalid.
c) it could be valid or invalid.

7. If a deductive argument is unsound, then:
a) at least one premise must be false.
b) all the premises must be false.
c) all the premises must be true.
d) not enough info to determine.

8. If a deductive argument’s conclusion is true:
a) then the argument must be valid.
b) then the argument must be invalid.
c) then the argument could be valid or invalid.

9. If a deductive argument is sound, then:
a) its conclusion must be true.
b) its conclusion must be false.
c) its conclusion could be true or false.

10. If a deductive argument is sound, then:
a) it must be valid.
b) it must be invalid.
c) it could be valid or invalid.

11. If a deductive argument is sound, then:
a) at least one premise must be false.
b) all the premises must be false.
c) all the premises must be true.
d) not enough info to determine.

12. If a deductive argument’s conclusion is false:
a) then the argument must be valid.
b) then the argument must be invalid.
c) then the argument could be valid or invalid.

thinking-cat-is-thinking.jpg

Friday, September 7, 2007

See? Told You

Milli Vanilli | Girl You Know It's True

Tuesday, September 4, 2007

Email Subscriptions

So why does this course have a blog? Well, why is anything anything?

A blog (short for “web log”) is a website that works like a journal – users write posts that are sorted by date based on when they were written. You can find important course information (like assignments, due dates, reading schedules, etc.) on the blog. I’ll also be updating the blog throughout the semester, posting interesting items related to the stuff we’re currently discussing in class. I used a blog for this course last semester, and it seemed helpful. Hopefully it can benefit our course, too.

Since I’ll be updating the blog a lot throughout the semester, you should check it frequently. There are, however, some convenient ways to do this without simply going to the blog each day. The best way to do this is by getting an email subscription, so any new blog post I write automatically gets emailed to you. (You can also subscribe to the rss feed, if you know what that means.) To get an email subscription:

1. Go to http://ccclogic07.blogspot.com.

2. At the main page, enter your email address at the top of the right column (under “EMAIL SUBSCRIPTION: Enter your Email”) and click the "Subscribe me!" button.

3. This will take you to a new page. Follow the directions under #2, where it says “To help stop spam, please type the text here that you see in the image below. Visually impaired or blind users should contact support by email.” Once you type the text, click the "Subscribe me!" button again.

4. You'll then get an email regarding the blog subscription. (Check your spam folder if you haven’t received an email after a day.) You have to confirm your registration. Do so by clicking on the "Click here to activate your account" link in the email you receive.

5. This will bring you to a page that says "Your subscription is confirmed!" Now you're subscribed.

If you are unsure whether you've subscribed, ask me (609-980-8367; slandis@camdencc.edu). I can check who's subscribed and who hasn't.

i iz blogginz / leef I alonze

Friday, August 10, 2007

Course Details

Logic & Reasoning
Camden County College, Blackwood Campus
Philosophy 121, Section 01
Fall 2007
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday
noon – 12:50 p.m. in Trailer C02

Instructor: Sean Landis
Email: slandis@camdencc.edu
Phone: 609-980-8367
Course Website: http://ccclogic07.blogspot.com

Required Text
Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric, 10th edition (Howard Kahane & Nancy Cavender)

About the Course
We are presented with arguments for all sorts of conclusions all the time, on topics as serious as abortion or the death penalty and as trivial as the best player on the Phillies or the funniest late night host. How can we tell good arguments from bad ones?

This course focuses on understanding and evaluating arguments. We’ll first learn how to identify the components and structures of arguments. We’ll then learn how to pick apart bad reasoning found by going over logical fallacies—all the ways arguments can go wrong. We’ll also discuss psychological impediments—the ways most of us unreflectively reason poorly.

Armed with these evaluative tools, we’ll then explore our arguments for what we believe, and revise or strengthen them based on proper reasoning. The course’s main goal is to develop the ability to create original arguments that avoid the pitfalls of bad reasoning.

Grades
90-100% = A
80-89% = B
70-79% = C
60-69% = D
below 60% = F.

Midterm: 15%
Final: 25%
Quizzes (2): 7.5% each (15% total)
Oral Report: 15%
Short Papers (2): 5% each (10% total)
Group Projects (3): 3% each (9% total)
Other Homework (3): 2% each (6% total)
Attendance/Participation: 5%

Exams: The midterm tests everything covered during the first half of the course, and will last the full period (50 minutes) on the scheduled day. The final exam is cumulative—that is, it tests everything covered throughout the whole course, not just the second half. The final will last 50 minutes, and will take place on the last day of class.

Quizzes: Quiz #1 will test you on everything covered during the first 4 weeks of class, and quiz #2 will test you on everything covered after exam #1 (weeks 7 through 9). Quizzes will last 20 minutes, and be held at the beginning of the period on the scheduled day.

Oral Report: This will be a group project presented in front of the class at the end of the semester. Each group of 3-4 students will present a 10-15 minute oral presentation.

Short Papers: There will be two short papers (250-500 words each), the first on understanding and evaluating an argument, and the second on presenting an original argument of your own on a topic of your choosing.

In-Class Group Projects: There will be a lot of group work for this class. In addition to the group oral presentation, there will be three in-class group projects due at various times throughout the semester.

Other Homework: There will be three total homework assignments in addition to the two short papers. Each one is due at the beginning of class the day they are due.

Classroom Policies
Academic Integrity: Cheating and plagiarism will not be tolerated. Students found guilty of either will definitely fail the test, quiz, or assignment – and possibly the entire class.
NOTE: Working with fellow students on group projects or homework assignments is not cheating. Copying a fellow student’s completed homework assignment is cheating. (Come to me if you are unsure what constitutes cheating or plagiarism.)

Excused Absenses: Make-up exams, quizzes, in-class projects, or oral reports will only be scheduled for any excused absences (excused absences include religious observance, official university business, and illness or injury – with a doctor’s note). An unexcused absence on the day of the exam or quiz will result in a zero on that exam or quiz.

Important Dates
August 31: Last day to drop a course & receive a 100% refund.
September 17: Last day to drop a course & receive a 50% refund.
September 24: Last day to sign up to audit a course.
December 5: Last day to withdrawal from Fall Classes.

Course Schedule

September 5—7
Wednesday: Intro to Class (no reading)
Friday: Doing Philosophy (no reading)

September 10—14
Monday: Reasoning (1.1-1.6)
Wednesday: Reasoning (1.6-1.11)
Friday: Reasoning (finish Chapter 1) (group work)

September 17—21
Monday: Reasoning/Arguments (2.1-2.2)
Wednesday: Deductive Args (2.3-2.5)
Friday: Inductive Args (2.6-2.8); Homework #1 due

September 24—28
Monday: Abductive Args (no reading) (group work)
Wednesday: Fallacies (3.1-3.2)
Friday: Quiz #1; Fallacies (no reading) (group work)

October 1—5
Monday: Fallacies (3.4-3.6)
Wednesday: Fallacies (finish chapter 3); Group Project #1 (in class)
Friday: Fallacies (4.1-4.3)

October 8—12
Monday: Fallacies (4.4 & 4.6)
Wednesday: Fallacies (4.7) (group work)
Friday: Fallacies (finish chapter 4); Homework #2 due

October 15—19
Monday: Fallacies (5.1-5.3)
Wednesday: Fallacies (5.4-5.7)
Friday: Fallacies (5.7-5.9) (group work)

October 22—26
Monday: Fallacies (finish chapter 5); Paper #1 due
Wednesday: Review for Midterm (no reading)
Friday: MIDTERM

October 29—November 2
Monday: Psychological Impediments (6.1-6.3)
Wednesday: Psychological Impediments (6.4-6.6)
Friday: Psychological Impediments (6.6-6.9)

November 5—9
Monday: Psychological Impediments (finish Chapter 6) (group work)
Wednesday: Advanced Psychological Impediments (handout)
Friday: Advanced Psychological Impediments (handout); Group Project #2 (in class)

November 12—16
Monday: Intellectual Honesty (3.3, 3.7, 4.5)
Wednesday: Intellectual Honesty & the Principle of Charity (no reading)
Friday: Intellectual Honesty (no reading) (group work)

November 19—21
Monday: Quiz #2; Intro to Writing Essays (9.1-9.2)
Wednesday: Writing Essays (9.3-9.4)
Friday: THANKSGIVING BREAK (no class)
carpe diem, lazy bones

November 26—30
Monday: Writing Essays (finish chapter 9); Homework #3 due
Wednesday: Evaluating Ads (10.1-10.3)
Friday: Ads (10.4-10.5)

December 3—7
Monday: Evaluating the News (11.1-11.4)
Wednesday: News (11.5-11.8); Group Project #3 (in class)
Friday: Reliability of Experts (handout)

December 10—14
Monday: Prepare for group presentations (no reading) (group work)
Wednesday: group presentations (no reading)
Friday: group presentations (no reading)

December 17—19
Monday: Review for Final Exam (no reading)
Wednesday: FINAL EXAM
sup cat